FAQ: Mastering Smart IP&O for Better Inventory Management.

Effective supply chain and inventory management are essential for achieving operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. This blog provides clear and concise answers to some basic and other common questions from our Smart IP&O customers, offering practical insights to overcome typical challenges and enhance your inventory management practices. Focusing on these key areas, we help you transform complex inventory issues into strategic, manageable actions that reduce costs and improve overall performance with Smart IP&O.

1. What is lead time demand?
The demand is expected to occur over the replenishment lead time. Lead time demand is determined by Smart’s forecasting methods. 

2. What is the Min, and how is it computed?
The Min is displayed in the drivers section of SIO is the reorder point and is the sum of the lead time demand and the safety stock. When on-hand inventory falls below the minimum due to demand, you will need to order more.  Smart also has a “min” in the “ordering rules” field of SIO, which is the minimum order quantity you can place with a supplier. 

3. What is the Max, and how is it computed?
The max is the largest quantity of inventory that will be on the shelf if you adhere to the ordering policy. The Max is the sum of the Min (reorder point) plus the defined OQ. 

4. How do you determine the order quantity (OQ)?
The order quantity is initially imported from your ERP system. It can be changed based on a number of user defined choices, including:

Multiple lead time demand
Multiple monthly or weekly demand
Smart’s recommended OQ

5. What is the Economic Order Quantity?
It is the order quantity that will minimize the total costs, considering the cost of holding and costs of ordering inventory. 

6. What is the “recommended OQ” that Smart computes?
It is the economic order quantity plus an adjustment if necessary to ensure that the size of the order is greater than or equal to the demand over lead time.

7. Why is the system predicting that we’ll have a low service level?
Smart predicts the service level that will result from the specified inventory policy (Min/Max or Reorder Point/Order Quantity), assuming adherence to that policy.  When the predicted service level is low, it can mean that the expected demand over the lead time is greater than the reorder point (Min).  When demand over the replenishment lead time is greater than the reorder point your probability of stocking out is higher resulting in a low service level. It may also be that your lead time for replenishment isn’t entered accurately.  If the lead time entered is longer than reality, the reorder point may not cover the demand over the lead time.  Please check your lead time inputs.

8. Why is the Service level showing as zero when the reorder point (or min) is not zero?
Smart predicts the service level that will result from the specified inventory policy (Min/Max or Reorder Point/Order Quantity), assuming adherence to that policy. When the predicted service level is low, it can mean that the expected demand over the lead time is greater than the reorder point (Min), sometimes many times greater, which would all but guarantee a stock-out.  When demand over the replenishment lead time is greater than the reorder point your probability of stocking out is higher resulting in a low service level. It may also be that your lead time for replenishment isn’t entered accurately.  If the lead time entered is longer than reality, the reorder point may not cover the demand over the lead time.  Please check your lead time inputs.

9. But my actual service levels aren’t as low as Smart is predicting, why?
That may be true because Smart predicts your service level if you adhere to the policy.  It is possible you aren’t adhering to the policy that the service level prediction is based on.  If your on-hand inventory is higher than your Max quantity, you aren’t adhering to the policy.  Check your input assumptions for lead time.   Your actual lead times might be much shorter than entered resulting in a predicted service level that is lower than you expect.

10. Smart seems to be recommending too much inventory, or at least more than I’d expect it would; why?
You should consider evaluating the inputs, such as service level and lead times.  Perhaps your actual lead times aren’t as long as the lead time Smart is using.  We’ve seen situations where suppliers artificially inflate their quoted lead times to ensure they are always on time.  If you use that lead time when computing your safety stocks, you’ll inevitably over-stock.  So, review your actual lead time history (Smart provides the supplier performance report for this) to get a sense of the actual lead times and adjust accordingly.  Or it is possible you are asking for a very high service level that may be further compounded with a very volatile item that has several significant spikes in demand.  When demand significantly fluctuates from the mean, using a high service level target (98%+) will result in stocking policies that are designed to cover even very large spikes.  Try a lower service level target or reducing the lead time (assuming the specified lead time is no longer realistic) and your inventory will decrease, sometimes very substantially.

11. Smart is using spikes in demand I don’t want it to consider, and it is inflating inventory, how can I correct this?
If you are sure that the spike won’t happen again, then you can remove it from the historical data via an override using Smart Demand Planner. You’ll need to open the forecast project containing that item, adjust the history, and save the adjusted history.  You can contact tech support to help you set this up. If the spikes are part of the normal randomness that can sometimes occur, it’s best to leave it alone. Instead, consider a lower service level target.  The lower target means the reorder points don’t need to cover the extreme values as often resulting in a lower inventory.

12. When I change the Order Quantity or Max, my cycle service levels don’t change, why?
Smart reports on “cycle service level” and “service level.”  When you change your order quantities and Max quantities this will not impact the “cycle service level” because cycle service levels report on performance during the replenishment period only.  This is because all that protects you from stockout after the order is placed (and you must wait until the order arrives for the replenishment) is the reorder point or Min. Changing the size of the order quantity or Max on hand (up to levels) won’t impact your cycle service levels.  Cycle service level is influenced only by the size of the reorder points and the amount of safety stock being added whereas Smart’s “service level” will change when you modify both reorder points and order quantities.

13. My forecast looks inaccurate.  It’s not showing any of the ups and downs observed in history, why?
A good forecast is the one number that is closest to the actual compared to other numbers that could have been predicted.  When the historical ups and downs aren’t happening in predictable intervals then often, the best forecast is one that averages or smooths through those historical ups and downs.  A forecast predicting future ups and downs that aren’t happening in obvious patterns historically is more likely to be less accurate than one that is forecast a straight or trend line only.

14. What is optimization? How does it work?
Optimization is an option for setting stocking policies where the software picks the stocking policy that yields the total lowest operating cost.  For example, if an item is very expensive to hold, a policy that has more stockouts, but less inventory would yield total lower costs than a policy that had fewer stockouts and more inventory.   On the other hand, if the item has a high stock out cost then a policy that yields fewer stockouts but requires more inventory would yield more financial benefit than a policy that had less inventory but more stockouts.  When using the optimization feature, the user must specify the service level floor (the minimum service level).  The software will then decide whether a higher service level will yield a better return.  If it does, the reordering policies will target the higher service level.  If it doesn’t the reordering policies will default to the user defined service level floor.        This webinar provides details and explanations on the math behind optimization.  https://www.screencast.com/t/3CfKJoMe2Uj

15. What is a what-if scenario?
What-if scenarios enable you to try out different user-defined choices of inventory policy and test the predicted impact on metrics such as service levels, fill rates, and inventory value. To explore these scenarios, click on the Drivers tab, either at the summary level or the “Items” level, and enter the desired adjustments. You can then recalculate to see how these changes would affect your overall inventory performance. This allows you to compare various strategies and select the most cost-effective and efficient approach for your supply chain.

By addressing common questions and challenges, we’ve provided actionable insights to help you improve your inventory management practices. With Smart IP&O, you have the tools you need to make informed inventory decisions, reduce costs, and enhance overall performance.

The Importance of Clear Service Level Definitions in Inventory Management

 

Inventory optimization software that supports what-if analysis will expose the tradeoff of stockouts vs. excess costs of varying service level targets. But first it is important to identify how “service levels” is interpreted, measured, and reported. This will avoid miscommunication and the false sense of security that can develop when less stringent definitions are used.  Clearly defining how service level is calculated puts all stakeholders on the same page. This facilitates better decision-making.

There are many differences in what companies mean when they cite their “service levels.”  This can vary from company to company and even from department to department within a company.  Here are two examples:

 

  1. Service level measured “from the shelf” vs. a customer-quoted lead time.
    Service level measured “from the shelf” means the percentage of units ordered that are immediately available from stock. However, when a customer places an order, it is often not shipped immediately. Customer service or sales will quote when the order will be shipped. If the customer is OK with the promised ship date and the order is shipped by that date, then service level is considered to have been met.  Service levels will clearly be higher when calculated over a customer quoted lead time vs. “from the shelf.”
  1. Service level measured over fixed vs. variable customer quoted lead time.
    High service levels are often skewed because customer-quoted lead times are later adjusted to allow nearly every order to be filled “on time and in full.” This happens when the initial lead time can’t be met, but the customer agrees to take the order later, and the customer quoted lead time field that is used to track service level is adjusted by sales or customer service.

Clarifying how “service levels” are defined, measured, and reported is essential for aligning organizations and enhancing decision-making, resulting in more effective inventory management practices.

 

The Cost of Spreadsheet Planning

Companies that depend on spreadsheets for demand planning, forecasting, and inventory management are often constrained by the spreadsheet’s inherent limitations. This post examines the drawbacks of traditional inventory management approaches caused by spreadsheets and their associated costs, contrasting these with the significant benefits gained from embracing state-of-the-art planning technologies.

Spreadsheets, while flexible for their infinite customizability, are fundamentally manual in nature requiring significant data management, human input, and oversight. This increases the risk of errors, from simple data entry mistakes to complex formula errors, that cause cascading effects that adversely impact forecasts.  Additionally, despite advances in collaborative features that enable multiple users to interact with a common sheet, spreadsheet-based processes are often siloed. The holder of the spreadsheet holds the data.  When this happens, many sources of data truth begin to emerge.  Without the trust of an agreed-upon, pristine, and automatically updated source of data, organizations don’t have the necessary foundation from which predictive modeling, forecasting, and analytics can be built.

In contrast, advanced planning systems like Smart IP&O are designed to overcome these limitations. Such systems are built to automatically ingest data via API or files from ERP and EAM systems, transform that data using built in ETL tools, and can process large volumes of data efficiently.  This enables businesses to manage complex inventory and forecasting tasks with greater accuracy and less manual effort because the data collection, aggregation, and transformation is already done. Transitioning to advanced planning systems is key for optimizing resources for several reasons.

Spreadsheets also have a scaling problem. The bigger the business grows, the greater the number of spreadsheets, workbooks, and formulas becomes.  The result is a tightly wound and rigid set of interdependencies that become unwieldy and inefficient.  Users will struggle to handle the increased load and complexity with slow processing times and an inability to manage large datasets and face challenges collaborating across teams and departments.

On the other hand, advanced planning systems for inventory optimization, demand planning, and inventory management are scalable, designed to grow with the business and adapt to its changing needs. This scalability ensures that companies can continue to manage their inventory and forecasting effectively, regardless of the size or complexity of their operations. By transitioning to systems like Smart IP&O, companies can not only improve the accuracy of their inventory management and forecasting but also gain a competitive edge in the market by being more responsive to changes in demand and more efficient in their operations.

Benefits of Jumping in: An electric utility company struggled to maintain service parts availability without overstocking for over 250,000-part numbers across a diverse network of power generation and distribution facilities. It replaced their twenty-year-old legacy planning process that made heavy use of spreadsheets with Smart IP&O and a real-time integration to their EAM system.  Before Smart, they were only able to modify Min/Max and Safety Stock levels infrequently.  When they did, it was nearly always because a problem occurred that triggered the review.  The methods used to change the stocking parameters relied heavily on gut feel and averages of the historical usage.   The Utility leveraged Smart’s what-if scenarios to create digital twins of alternate stocking policies and simulated how each scenario would perform across key performance indicators such as inventory value, service levels, fill rates, and shortage costs.  The software pinpointed targeted Min/Max increases and decreases that were deployed to their EAM system, driving optimal replenishments of their spare parts.  The result:  A significant inventory reduction of $9 million that freed up cash and valuable warehouse space while sustaining 99%+ target service levels.

Managing Forecast Accuracy: Forecast error is an inevitable part of inventory management, but most businesses don’t track it.  As Peter Drucker said, “You can’t improve what you don’t measure.”  A global high-tech manufacturing company utilizing a spreadsheet-based forecast process had to manually create its baseline forecasts and forecast accuracy reporting.  Given the planners’ workload and siloed processes, they just didn’t update their reports very often, and when they did, the results had to be manually distributed.  The business didn’t have a way of knowing just how accurate a given forecast was and couldn’t cite their actual errors by group of part with any confidence.  They also didn’t know whether their forecasts were outperforming a control method.  After Smart IP&O went live, the Demand Planning module automated this for them. Smart Demand Planner now automatically reforecasts their demand each planning cycle utilizing ML methods and saves accuracy reports for every part x location.  Any overrides that are applied to the forecasts can now be auto-compared to the baseline to measure forecast value add – i.e., whether the additional effort to make those changes improved the accuracy.  Now that the ability to automate the baseline statistical forecasting and produce accuracy reports is in place, this business has solid footing from which to improve their forecast process and resulting forecast accuracy.

Get it Right and Keep it Right:  Another customer in the aftermarket parts business has used Smart’s forecasting solutions since 2005 – nearly 20 years!  They were faced with challenges forecasting intermittently demanded parts sold to support their auto aftermarket business. By replacing their spreadsheet-based approach and manual uploads to SAP with statistical forecasts of demand and safety stock from SmartForecasts, they were able to significantly reduce backorders and lost sales, with fill rates improving from 93% to 96% within just three months.  The key to their success was leveraging Smart’s patented method for forecasting intermittent demand – The “Smart-Willemain” bootstrap method generated accurate estimates of the cumulative demand over the lead time that helped ensure better visibility of the possible demands.

Connecting Forecasts to the Inventory Plan: Advanced planning systems support forecast-based inventory management, which is a proactive approach that relies on demand forecasts and simulations to predict possible outcomes and their associated probabilities.  This data is used to determine optimal inventory levels.  Scenario-based or probabilistic forecasting contrasts with the more reactive nature of spreadsheet-based methods. A longtime customer in the fabric business, previously dealt with overstocks and stockouts due to intermittent demand for thousands of SKUs. They had no way of knowing what their stock-out risks were and so couldn’t proactively modify policies to mitigate risk other than making very rough-cut assumptions that tended to overstock grossly.  They adopted Smart Software’s demand and inventory planning software to generate simulations of demand that identified optimal Minimum On-Hand values and order quantities, maintaining product availability for immediate shipping, highlighting the advantages of a forecast-based inventory management approach.

Better Collaboration:  Sharing forecasts with key suppliers helps to ensure supply.  Kratos Space, part of Kratos Defense & Security Solutions, Inc., leveraged Smart forecasts to provide their Contract Manufacturers with better insights on future demand.  They used the forecasts to make commitments on future buys that enabled the CM to reduce material costs and lead times for engineered-to-order systems. This collaboration demonstrates how advanced forecasting techniques can lead to significant supply chain collaboration that yields efficiencies and cost savings for both parties.

 

Big Ass Fans Turns to Smart Software as Demand Heats Up

Big Ass Fans is the best-selling big fan manufacturer in the world, delivering comfort to spaces where comfort seems impossible.  BAF had a problem:  how to reliably plan production to meet demand.  BAF was experiencing a gap between bookings forecasts vs. shipments, and this was impacting revenue and customer satisfaction.  BAF turned to Smart Software for help.

BAF’s Supply Chain Manager took the lead to flesh out their planning needs and methodically address them.  In his words, “it came down to fundamentals. Our planning process needed to be data driven, collaborative, and continually improved by assessing and enhancing our monthly forecasting process.”

A big part of this was bringing the disparate planning processes together.  Product managers produce monthly demand forecasts, while the operations team forecasts shipments and associated material requirements.  BAF needed a tighter, data-driven process that combines advanced analytics with team collaboration.  This would need to address seasonality, a huge factor driving demand fluctuations, incorporate input from international as well as US markets, and capture the impact of market promotions.

BAF’s Customer Service Director and S&OP Team Lead explained what this means.  “Now we have one unified, global process, one shared business view that provides the framework for all of our cross-business planning.”  She likens it to having one source for the truth.  “Every month the entire team sees updated orders and shipments and can compare forecast against actual performance.  Individual managers view business through their required  business lens – by product line or service, region, international geography, channel, customer, you name it.”

“This is enabling technology that makes us better,” she continued.  “Smart IP&O is, among other things, the vehicle for our monthly SIOP process.  We review our own business segments then convene as a group, consider results to date, the impact of promotions, events and seasonality, and agree on our consensus plan going forward.  This is an invaluable process, enabling manufacturing to stay ahead of demand and deliver what our customers need, when they need it.”

BAF Case Study SIOP planning Inventory Warehouse

“Smart Inventory Planning & Optimization is the critical tool we use to manage our forecasts across a large and dynamic set of Products/Parts, multi-national sites, and complex supply chains,” added the Supply Chain Manager.  “The ability of the software to provide a statistical forecast as baseline, allow adjustments by various subject matter experts, each recorded as ‘snapshots’ for consensus building and later use in accuracy/improvement efforts, then ultimately feed the forecast data directly into our Material Requirements Planning software is central to our S&OP process.”

BAF has refined its monthly Sales, Inventory and Operations Planning process utilizing Smart Demand Planner, Smart’s collaborative forecasting and demand planning application. Smart’s API based bi-directional integration with BAF’s Epicor Kinetic ERP automatically captures all order and shipment data that in turn drives the creation of monthly statistical forecasts.  Through its monthly SIOP process, BAF product managers produce initial forecasts, share these with sales managers who can suggest adjustments, and bring together consensus plans across 25 product lines for monthly review, adjustment, and presentation to the executive team as the company’s rolling 12-month plan.

The team credits Smart Demand Planner with providing a thorough and accurate forecast of future demand that is central to BAF’s monthly SIOP process.  BAF extended Smart’s utilization to its international offices, where subject matter experts manage their own forecasts.  “Within Smart they can manage both demand forecasts that key on their shipments to local end users and supply forecasts based on their purchase history as key customers to BAF-US.  This significantly enhances our global demand view and has improved forecast accuracy.”

About Smart Software:

Founded in 1981, Smart Software, Inc. is a leader in providing businesses with enterprise-wide demand forecasting, planning, and inventory optimization solutions.  Smart Software’s demand forecasting and inventory optimization solutions have helped thousands of users worldwide, including customers such as Disney, Arizona Public Service, and Ameren. Smart’s Inventory Planning & Optimization Platform, Smart IP&O, provides demand planners the tools to handle sales seasonality, promotions, new and aging products, multi-dimensional hierarchies, and intermittently demanded service parts and capital goods items. It also provides inventory managers with accurate estimates of the optimal inventory and safety stock required to meet future orders and achieve desired service levels.  Smart Software is headquartered in Belmont, Massachusetts.  Learn more at www.smartcorp.com.

BAF Case Study SIOP planning manufacturing

About Big Ass Fans

At Big Ass Fans, we are driven by our mission to create safer, healthier, more productive environments worldwide. What started as a big idea in airflow became a revolution and is now best practice for designers, managers, and business owners across every imaginable industry and application. Today, our products are proudly spinning and serving more than 80 percent of the Fortune 500 in 175 countries. From factories to homes and everywhere in between, Big Ass Fans delivers comfort, style, and energy savings to make life more enjoyable. With more than 235 awards, 350 patents, an experiment on the International Space Station and the only HVLS Research & Design lab in the world, we go big every day.

Procon Pumps Uses Smart Demand Planner to Keep Business Flowing

Introduction:
Procon, an industry leading pump manufacturer, uses Smart IP&O’s demand planning and inventory optimization modules from Smart Software to make sure they have the products their customers need, when they need them.  You might not have heard of their products, but if you’ve ever eaten at McDonalds or sipped a coffee at Starbucks, you have been served by Procon.  Procon’s broad portfolio of over 7,000 SKUs is supplied to more than 70 countries worldwide through their direct sales channel and an extensive distributor network.  Procon operates manufacturing facilities in the US, Mexico, Ireland, and through a licensed manufacturing partner in Japan.  We spoke with Procon’s Shankar Suman, Director of Sales, and Emer Horan, Global Supply Chain Manager, to learn more.

The Challenge
If Procon cannot ship a required product, their customers cannot ship theirs.  Accurate forecasting is a key driver of supply chain success and customer satisfaction. Procon’s monthly planning establishes the consensus demand plan that drives procurement, production, and stocking policies.  But they found they had a gap between sales and procurement, which historically led to missed deliveries and excess inventory.  What Procon needed was a robust demand forecasting and inventory optimization tool that was easy to use, enabled collaborative planning with their sales team and partners, and integrated with their  ERP system to drive procurement and production planning.

The Solution:
They found this in Smart IP&O,  web-based platform for statistical forecasting, demand planning, and inventory optimization.

  • Shankar Suman cited a broad mix of capabilities that convinced them to utilize Smart. Chief among them were:
  •   Smart Demand Planner supports the easy, orchestrated flow of information that yields an accurate consensus plan.  Presenting performance history and statistical forecast by product, territory, and partner, SDP provide the sales team with perspective that they can complement – adjusting for expected opportunities or demand shifts.
  • Forecast accuracy. Smart is an industry leader in statistical analytics, leveraging innovations developed over its forty-plus year history.  This combined with robust forecast vs. actuals analysis helps Procon continually improve the quality of their forecasts.
  • Transparent connectivity with Procon’s enterprise software, Epicor Kinetic. Daily sales and shipment data are automatically pulled into the Smart platform, fueling Smart’s forecasting engine, and results are easily pushed back to the ERP (MRP) via an API based integration to drive ordering and production planning.

Results:
Emer Horan explained how this plays out over the course of each month.   Emer provides forecasts for each of their five sales managers, they meet to compare statistical and sales forecasts, and agree on a revised 12-month consensus plan.  The sales managers have a good sense for the top accounts that represent 80% of revenue, often including direct input from customers themselves, and the statistical forecast fills in the gaps.  Next month they use the forecast vs. actual analytics to help improve accuracy, then repeat the process.

“Our sales team is incentivized to maintain and improve sales forecast accuracy,” said Emer, “and we have the tools to help them succeed.  This not only ensures optimal inventory levels but also contributes to improved on-time delivery and higher customer satisfaction.”

“Our journey with Smart Software has been quite remarkable,” added Shankar. “We began with an initial idea of the functionality and interface, and it has continually evolved from there. The Smart team has shown tremendous support and patience with our scope changes, delivering the product exactly the way we needed and wanted it.  We have been using Smart for over three years now, and this journey is ongoing. We continue to receive excellent support from the Smart team and truly enjoy working with them.”