{"id":9777,"date":"2023-02-06T10:09:14","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T14:09:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/forecasting\/top-five-tips-for-new-demand-planners-and-forecasters-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-02-13T10:36:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T14:36:21","slug":"de-rol-van-vertrouwen-in-het-vraagvoorspellingsproces-deel-1-wie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/nl\/forecasting\/the-role-of-trust-in-the-demand-forecasting-process-part-1-who\/","title":{"rendered":"De rol van vertrouwen in het vraagvoorspellingsproces Deel 1: Wie vertrouwt u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||||false|false&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;Row&#8221; module_class=&#8221;blog_glob&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text content_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;CONTENT&#8221; module_class=&#8221;post-main_text&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.19.4&#8243; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#0c71c3&#8243; header_3_font_size=&#8221;19px&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; z_index_tablet=&#8221;500&#8243; text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=&#8221;1px&#8221; box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_vertical_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; box_shadow_blur_tablet=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_spread_tablet=&#8221;0px&#8221; use_border_color=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cRegardless of how much effort is poured into training forecasters and developing elaborate forecast support systems, decision-makers will either modify or discard the predictions if they do not trust them.\u201d\u00a0 &#8212; Dilek Onkal, International Journal of Forecasting 38:3 (July-September 2022), p.802.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The words quoted above grabbed my attention and prompted this post. Those of a geekly persuasion, like your blogger, are inclined to think of forecasting as a statistical problem. While that is obviously true, those of a certain age, like your blogger, understand that forecasting is also a social activity and therefore has a large human component.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who Do You Trust?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trust is always a two-way street, but let\u2019s stay on the demand forecaster\u2019s side. What characteristics of and actions by forecasters and demand planners build trust in their work? The above quoted Professor Onkal reviewed academic research on this topic going back to 2006. She summarized results from practitioner surveys that identified key trust factors related to forecaster characteristics, forecasting process, and forecasting communication.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forecaster characteristics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Key to building trust among the users of forecasts are perceptions of forecaster and demand planner competence and objectivity. Competence has a mathematical component, but many managers confuse computer skills with analytic skills, so users of forecasting software can usually clear this hurdle. However, since the two are not the same, it pays dividends to absorb your vendor\u2019s training and learn not just the math but the lingo of your forecasting software. In my observation, trust can also be increased by showing knowledge of the company\u2019s business.<\/p>\n<p>Objectivity is also a key to trustworthiness. It may be uncomfortable for the forecaster to be put in the middle of occasional departmental squabbles, but those will come up and must be handled with tact. Squabbles? Well, silos exist and tilt in different directions. Sales departments favor higher demand forecasts that drive production increases, so that they never have to say \u201cSorry, we are fresh out of that.\u201d Inventory managers are wary of high demand forecasts, because \u201cexcess enthusiasm\u201d can leave them holding the bag, sitting on bloated inventory.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes the forecaster becomes a <em>de facto<\/em> referee, and in this role must display overt signs of objectivity. That can mean first recognizing that every management decision involves tradeoffs of good things against other good things, e.g., product availability versus lean operations, and then helping the parties strike a painful but tolerable balance by surfacing the links between operational decisions and the key performance metrics that matter to folks like Chief Financial Officers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Forecasting process<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The forecasting process can be thought of as having three phases: data inputs, calculations, and outputs. Actions can be taken to increase trust in each phase.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regarding inputs<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Trust can be increased if obviously relevant inputs are at least acknowledged if not directly used in calculations. Thus, factors like social media sentiment and regional sales managers\u2019 gut instincts can be legitimate parts of a forecast consensus process. However, objectivity requires that these putative predictors of profit be tested objectively. For instance, a professional-grade forecasting process may well include subjective adjustment to statistical forecasts but must then also assess whether the adjustments actually end up improving accuracy, not just making some people feel listened to.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Regarding the second phase, calculations<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>The forecaster will be trusted to the extent that they are able to deploy more than one way to calculate forecasts and then articulate a good reason why they chose the method eventually used. In addition, the forecaster should be able to explain in accessible language how even complicated techniques do their job. It is difficult to put trust in a \u201cblack box\u201d method that is so opaque as to be inscrutable. The importance of explainability is amplified by the fact of life that the forecaster\u2019s superior must themselves in turn be able to justify the choice of technique to <em>their<\/em> supervisor.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, exponential smoothing uses this equation: S(t) = \u03b1X(t)+(1-\u03b1)S(t-1). Many forecasters are familiar with this equation, but many forecast users are not. There is a story that explains the equation in terms of averaging irrelevant \u201cnoise\u201d in an item\u2019s demand history and the need to strike a balance between smoothing out noise and being able to react to sudden shifts in the level of demand. The forecaster who can tell that story will be more credible. (My own version of that story uses phrases from sports, i.e., \u201chead fakes\u201d and \u201cjukes\u201d. Finding folksy analogs appropriate to your specific audience always pays dividends.)<\/p>\n<p>A final point: best practice demands that any forecast be accompanied by an honest assessment of its uncertainty. A forecaster who tries to build trust by being overly specific (\u201cSales next quarter will be 12,184 units\u201d) will always fail. A forecaster who says \u201cSales next quarter will have a 90% chance of falling between 12,000 and 12,300 units\u201d will be both correct more often and \u00a0also more helpful to decision makers. After all, forecasting is essentially a job of risk management, so the decision maker is best served by knowing the risks.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Forecasting communication:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Finally, consider the third phase, communication of forecast results. Research suggests that continual communication with forecast users builds trust. It avoids those horrible, deflating moments when a nicely formatted report is shot down because of some fatal flaw that could have been foreseen: \u201cThis is no good because you didn\u2019t take account of X, Y or Z\u201d or \u201cWe really wanted you to present results rolled up to the top of the product hierarchies (or by sales region or by product line or\u2026)\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Even when everybody is aligned as to what is expected, trust is enhanced by presenting results using well-crafted graphics, with massive numerical tables provided for backup but not as the main way of communicating results. My experience has been that, just as a meeting-control device, a graph is usually much better than a large numerical table. With a graph, everybody\u2019s attention is focused on the same thing and many aspects of the analysis are immediately (and literally) visible. With a table of results, the table of participants often splinters into side conversations in which each voice is focused on different pieces of the table.<\/p>\n<p>Onkal summarizes the research this way: \u201cTake-aways for those who make forecasts and those who use them converge around clarity of communication as well as perceptions of competence and integrity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>What Do You Trust?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There is a related dimension of trust: not who do you trust but what do you trust? By this I mean both data and software\u2026.\u00a0 <em>Read the 2nd part of this Blog \u201cWhat do you Trust\u201d here\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/forecasting\/the-role-of-trust-in-the-demand-forecasting-process-part-2-what\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/forecasting\/the-role-of-trust-in-the-demand-forecasting-process-part-2-what\/<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/demandplanner\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1523 \" src=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/demand_bottom.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"837\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/demand_bottom.png 837w, https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/demand_bottom-480x171.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 837px, 100vw\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vertrouwen is altijd tweerichtingsverkeer, maar laten we aan de kant van de vraagvoorspeller blijven. Welke kenmerken van en acties van voorspellers en vraagplanners bouwen vertrouwen op in hun werk? De sleutel tot het opbouwen van vertrouwen onder de gebruikers van prognoses is de perceptie van de competentie en objectiviteit van de voorspeller en vraagplanner. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":122,"featured_media":9780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"section\" module_class=\"blog_css\" _builder_version=\"3.22\" transparent_background=\"off\" make_fullwidth=\"off\" use_custom_width=\"off\" width_unit=\"on\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"row\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_code admin_label=\"CSS\" _builder_version=\"4.10.7\" 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-->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.f_bottom_text{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #4e81ba;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.f_about_us_bg{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->padding-right: 80px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.f_contact_us_bg{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-right: 52px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_bar h4{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 60px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_grid_item, .et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_widget, .et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_shop_grid .woocommerce ul.products li.product, .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_grid_item, .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_widget, .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_shop_grid .woocommerce ul.products li.product, .et_section_specialty .et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row_inner .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_grid_item, .et_section_specialty .et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row_inner .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_widget, .et_section_specialty .et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row_inner .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_shop_grid .woocommerce ul.products li.product{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 0px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_css{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_posts a.more-link{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->float:right;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_bar h4{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->color: #0d4c92 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 23px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_bg{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->padding: 120px 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-content p{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: right;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 174px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: -webkit-box !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-line-clamp: 7;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-box-orient: vertical;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-overflow: ellipsis;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_post .entry-featured-image-url{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->position: absolute !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 55px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .post-meta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_widget ul li {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #a3a3a3;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.rpwwt-post-title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->height: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: -webkit-box;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-line-clamp: 2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-box-orient: vertical;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-overflow: ellipsis;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.rpwwt-post-excerpt{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 34px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: -webkit-box;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-line-clamp: 2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> -webkit-box-orient: vertical;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow: hidden;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-overflow: ellipsis;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #707070;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.rpwwt-widget ul li a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 3px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#categories-2 .cat-item a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 32px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #3c3c3c !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px silver;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 44px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article h2 a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->font-size: 26px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_top_title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->font-size: 38px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 4px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_top_text{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob img{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 195px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 183px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_posts a.more-link{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: #14954a;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 11px 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-meta{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #a3a3a3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #a3a3a3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 19px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .post-content p{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 12px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 18px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #707070 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 24px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #a3a3a3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-meta .author.vcard a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-style: italic !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #a3a3a3 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 13px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 1150px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 60%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 1060px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 55%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 980px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->width: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->width:auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 45px 20px 10px 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.bloggg>div{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->margin: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 80%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_column .et_pb_blog_grid .column.size-1of2, .et_pb_column .et_pb_widget:nth-child(n) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 7.5% 7.5% 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 56% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.sitebar_col{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 230px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: right;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 930px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.bloggg>div{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 85%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 870px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.bloggg>div{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 90%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 830px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.bloggg>div{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 97%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 767px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.sitebar_col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 45px 20px 10px 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.ghj {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->width: 280px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->padding-bottom:20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_post .entry-featured-image-url {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_top_title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 38px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 34px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article h2 a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 28px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_bg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 50px 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code admin_label=\"A POST CSS\" _builder_version=\"4.10.7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 1320px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob .relposts article img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 160px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 160px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 180px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 1160px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article:nth-child(2) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display:none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob .relposts article .entry-title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 85px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 390px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts:after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> content: '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> clear: both;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob .relposts article h2 a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 13.08px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 25px !important ;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob .relposts article .entry-title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->margin-top:2px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 0.7em !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 70px ;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 212px ;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: left !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article:nth-child(1) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 25px ;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts article:nth-child(2) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob .relposts article{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 10px 10px 30px 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px silver !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 10px 10px 30px 10px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px silver !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts .et_pb_post .entry-featured-image-url {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-content{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.relposts_title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 26px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 70px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.widget_categories_jj{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 60px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 60px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.widget_categories_jj ul li a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 32px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #3c3c3c;<!-- 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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.widget_categories_jj ul li {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> list-style-type: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #a3a3a3;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 10px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.share_blog{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->margin:5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->div.wp_rp_content {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-soc-icon img{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: inherit !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: inherit !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .post_soc {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: -55px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- 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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-main_text ul li {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> list-style-type: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-main_text {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->text-align: justify; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #404040;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-main_text a{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-style: italic;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-main_text span{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-style: italic;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-main_text strong{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 400;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_post_meta_wrapper .entry-title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 26px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.single.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout.et_full_width_page .et_post_meta_wrapper {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.post-meta>a, .comments-number{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.single.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout.et_full_width_page .et_post_meta_wrapper {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-top: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_bg{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->padding: 120px 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#left-area {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.single .et_pb_post{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.single .et_pb_post{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 767px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.subscribe_bg{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 60px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.ghj {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: -60px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.ghj{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->margin-top:40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_post_meta_wrapper img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#categories-bbb{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-top: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 2px solid #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: 2px solid #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.categ_title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->font-weight: bold;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 26px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-bottom: 10px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.categ_title:after {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> content: 'f0dd ';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #0d4c92;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: fontawesome;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#categories-bbb ul{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#categories-bbb ul.baccc {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->@media (max-width: 850px){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_post_meta_wrapper img {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: auto !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 100% !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.sitebar_col {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 190px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(window).scroll(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->if ($(window).scrollTop() >= 400 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"position\",\"fixed\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"top\",\"170px\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->if ($(window).scrollTop() < 400 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"position\",\"absolute\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"top\",\"55px\"); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->if ($(window).width() < 767 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"position\",\"relative\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#tabb\").css(\"top\",\"0px\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Comment CSS\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#comment-wrap {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-top: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.com_title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #00964d;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 36px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-top: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment_sect {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment_area p{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 18px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-style: italic;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.reply-container,#comments,.comment-reply-title{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.blog_glob article {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> box-shadow: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 20px 34px 10px 5px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment_area{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 90%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> float: right;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment_postinfo {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->img.avatar.avatar-80.photo {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.form-submit{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> right: 25px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> bottom: 30px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.et_pb_module .et_pb_button:hover, .et_pb_button:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.form-submit input:hover{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 44px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 46px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> opacity: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.form-submit input{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 44px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 46px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> opacity: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.form-submit:before {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> content: '';<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 46px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 46px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-image: url(https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/comment.png);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-repeat: no-repeat;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: absolute;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> z-index: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment-form-author input{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 270px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 36px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-right: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #d6d6d6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-width: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 20px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment-form-email input{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 270px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-right: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #d6d6d6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 44px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-width: 1px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-right: 5px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: transparent !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment-form-comment textarea{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 560px !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 55px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-right: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-top: none !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 70px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-color: #d6d6d6 !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background: transparent !important; <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc !important;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment-notes{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->.comment_sect{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 50px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border: 1px solid #707070;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->#commentform{<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> position: relative;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display:flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->display: -webkit-flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->flex-direction: row;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> flex-wrap: wrap;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->p.comment-notes {-webkit-order: 1;}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->p.comment-form-comment 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[et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(window).on('load', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 2000 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".commentlist\").prepend($(\".comment-respond\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->if ($(window).width() < 2000 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".comment_sect\").prepend($(\".com-title\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(document).ready(function (){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".categ_title\").click(function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#categories-bbb ul\").toggleClass(\"baccc\");<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }) <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.10.5\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"0px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"Row\" module_class=\"blog_glob\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" saved_specialty_column_type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_code module_class=\"append_categ\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(window).on('load', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 767 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".append_categ\").append($(\"#categories-bbb\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text content_last_edited=\"off|desktop\" admin_label=\"CONTENT\" module_class=\"post-main_text\" _builder_version=\"4.14.4\" header_3_text_color=\"#0c71c3\" header_3_font_size=\"19px\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" z_index_tablet=\"500\" text_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" text_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" text_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" link_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" link_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" link_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" ul_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" ul_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" ul_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" ol_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" ol_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" ol_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" quote_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" quote_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" quote_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_2_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_2_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_2_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_3_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_3_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_3_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_4_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\"0px\" header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\"1px\" box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\"0px\" box_shadow_blur_tablet=\"40px\" box_shadow_spread_tablet=\"0px\" use_border_color=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p>Recently, I had an interesting conversation with an inventory manager and the VP Finance. We were discussing the benefits of being able to automatically optimize both reorder points and order quantities. The VP Finance was concerned that given their large supplier required minimum order quantities, they would not be able to benefit.\u00a0 He said his suppliers held all the power, forcing him to accept massive minimum order quantities and tying his hands. While he felt bad about this, he saw a silver lining: He didn\u2019t have to do any planning. He would accept a large inventory investment, but his customer service levels would the exceptional.\u00a0 Perhaps the large inventory investment was assumed to be the cost of doing business.<\/p><p>I pushed back and pointed out that he was not as powerless as he felt. He still had control of the other half of the procurement process: while he couldn\u2019t control how much to order, he could control when to order by adjusting the reorder point. In other words, there is always room for careful quantitative analysis in inventory management, even when you have one hand tied behind your back.<\/p><p><strong>An Example<\/strong><\/p><p>To put some numbers behind my argument, I created a scenario then analyzed it using our methodology to show how consequential it can be to use inventory optimization software even in constrained situations. In this scenario, item demand averages 2.2 units per day but varies significantly by day of week. Let\u2019s say the imaginary supplier insists on a minimum order quantity of 500 units (way out of proportion to demand) and fills replenishment orders in either three days or ten days in equal proportions (quite inconsistent). To spread the blame around, let\u2019s also suppose that the imaginary supplier\u2019s imaginary customer uses a foolish rule that the reorder point should be 10% of the minimum order quantity. (Why this rule? Too many companies use simple\/simplistic rules of thumb in lieu of proper analysis.)<\/p><p>So, we have a base case in which the order quantity is 500 units, and the reorder point is 50 units. In this case, the fill rate is 100%, but the average number of units on hand is a whopping 330. If the customer would simply lower the reorder point from 50 to 15, the fill rate would still be 99.5%, but the average stock on hand would drop by 11% to 295 units. Using the one hand not tied behind his back, the inventory manager could cut his inventory investment by more than 10%, which would be a noticeable win.<\/p><p>Incidentally, if the minimum order quantity were abolished, the customer would be free to arrive at a new and much better solution. Setting the order quantity to 45 and the reorder point to 25 would achieve a 99% fill rate at the cost of a daily on-hand level of only 35 units: nearly a 90% reduction in inventory investment: a major improvement over the status quo.<\/p><p><strong>Postscript<\/strong><\/p><p>These calculations are possible using our software, which can make visible the otherwise unknown relationships between inventory system design choices (e.g., order quantity and reorder point) and key performance indicators (e.g., average units on hand and fill rate).\u00a0 Armed with this ability to conduct these calculations, alternative arrangements with the supplier may now be considered. For example, what if, in exchange for paying a higher price per unit, the supplier agreed to a lower MOQ. Using the software to conduct an analysis of the key performance indicators using the \u201cwhat if\u201d costs and MOQs would reveal the cost per unit and MOQ that would be needed to develop a more profitable deal.\u00a0\u00a0 Once identified, all parties stand to benefit.\u00a0 The supplier now generates a better margin on sales of its products, and the buyer holds considerably less inventory yielding a holding cost reduction that dwarfs the added cost per unit.\u00a0 Everyone wins.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/inventory-optimization\/\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1527\" src=\"https:\/\/smartcorp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/optim_bottom.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code module_class=\"comment_sect\" _builder_version=\"4.10.7\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(window).on('load', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 2000 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".comment_sect\").append($(\"#comment-wrap\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 2000) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\"#et-main-area\").prepend($(\".blog_bg \"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 2000 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".post-main_text\").prepend($(\".et_post_meta_wrapper\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code admin_label=\"Comment \" module_class=\"com-title\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><div class=\"com_title\">Leave a Comment<\/div><p>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code module_class=\"append_subs\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(window).on('load', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 767 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".append_subs\").append($(\".ghj\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_code module_class=\"append_share\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function($) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/\/ Stuff to do as soon as the DOM is ready. Use $() w\/o colliding with other libs<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->$(window).on('load', function(){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> if ($(window).width() < 768 ) {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> $(\".append_share\").append($(\".post_soc\"))<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}); <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_text disabled_on=\"on||\" module_class=\"relposts_title\" _builder_version=\"3.27.4\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" text_orientation=\"center\" module_alignment=\"center\" use_border_color=\"off\" border_color=\"#ffffff\" border_style=\"solid\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]Related Posts<br \/>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog_2 posts_number=\"3\" include_categories=\"47,174,1\" include_related_categories=\"on\" 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